Year Published
- 2008 (0)
- 2009 (1) Apply 2009 filter
- 2010 (4) Apply 2010 filter
- 2011 (1) Apply 2011 filter
- 2012 (8) Apply 2012 filter
- 2013 (3) Apply 2013 filter
- (-) Remove 2014 filter 2014
- 2015 (0)
- (-) Remove 2016 filter 2016
- 2017 (2) Apply 2017 filter
- 2018 (0)
- 2019 (1) Apply 2019 filter
- 2020 (0)
- 2021 (0)
Research Topics
Populations
- Countries/Governments (0)
- Rural Populations (0)
- Smallholder Farmers (0)
- Women (0)
Types of Research
- (-) Remove Data Analysis filter Data Analysis
- (-) Remove Literature Review filter Literature Review
- (-) Remove Portfolio Review filter Portfolio Review
- Research Brief (0)
Geography
- East Africa Region and Selected Countries (0)
- Global (1) Apply Global filter
- South Asia Region and Selected Countries (0)
- Southern Africa Region and Selected Countries (0)
- Sub-Saharan Africa (1) Apply Sub-Saharan Africa filter
- West Africa Region and Selected Countries (0)
Dataset
- ASTI (1) Apply ASTI filter
- (-) Remove FAOSTAT filter FAOSTAT
- Farmer First (0)
- LSMS & LSMS-ISA (4) Apply LSMS & LSMS-ISA filter
- (-) Remove Other Datasets filter Other Datasets
Current search
- (-) Remove Food Security & Nutrition filter Food Security & Nutrition
- (-) Remove FAOSTAT filter FAOSTAT
- (-) Remove Other Datasets filter Other Datasets
- (-) Remove Literature Review filter Literature Review
- (-) Remove Portfolio Review filter Portfolio Review
- (-) Remove Research & Development filter Research & Development
- (-) Remove Environment & Climate Change filter Environment & Climate Change
- (-) Remove 2016 filter 2016
- (-) Remove Data Analysis filter Data Analysis
- (-) Remove 2014 filter 2014
- (-) Remove Market & Value Chain Analysis filter Market & Value Chain Analysis
This research considers how public good characteristics of different types of research and development (R&D) and the motivations of different providers of R&D funding affect the relative advantages of alternative funding sources. We summarize the public good characteristics of R&D for agriculture in general and for commodity and subsistence crops in particular, as well as R&D for health in general and for neglected diseases in particular, with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Finally, we present rationales for which funders are predicted to fund which R&D types based on these funder and R&D characteristics. We then compile available statistics on funding for agricultural and health R&D from private, public and philanthropic sources, and compare trends in funding from these sources against expectations. We find private agricultural R&D spending focuses on commodity crops (as expected). However contrary to expectations we find public and philanthropic spending also goes largely towards these same crops rather than staples not targeted by private funds. For health R&D private funders similarly concentrate on diseases with higher potential financial returns. However unlike in agricultural R&D, in health R&D we observe some specialization across funders – especially for neglected diseases R&D - consistent with funders’ expected relative advantages.
The commercial alcohol industry in Africa may provide opportunities to increase market access and incomes for smallholder farmers by increasing access to agriculture-alcohol value chains. Despite the benefits of increased market opportunities, the high costs to human health and social welfare from increased alcohol use and alcoholism could contribute to a net loss for society. To better understand the tradeoffs between increased market access for smallholders and societal costs associated with harmful alcohol consumption, this paper provides an inventory of the societal costs of alcohol in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We examine direct costs associated with addressing harmful effects of alcohol and treating alcohol-related illnesses, as well as indirect costs associated with the goods and services that are not delivered as a consequence of drinking and its impact on personal productivity. We identified resources using Google Scholar and the University of Washington libraries, and utilized the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) and the World Health Organization’s Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH) database. We also utilized FAOSTAT to retrieve raw data on national-level alcohol production and export statistics. We find that hazardous alcohol use contributes to early mortality and morbidity, loss of productivity, property damage, and other social costs and harms for drinkers and those around them. Drinking also affects vulnerable segments of the population disproportionately. Policymakers, local authorities, and donor agencies can use the information presented in this paper to plan and prepare for the higher consumption levels and subsequent social costs that may follow through agricultural development and economic growth in the region.